人要注意三個半分鐘，三個半小時

[2011.04.28] 再回來丟東西。這些網路流傳的東西其實是需要整理的。經驗算不算是個科學的結果？也許是，但還要更多的驗證。就留著等得驗證吧。


倒是，這個說科學家強調的「人要注意三個半分鐘，三個半小時」，不知是什麼樣的科學家~~

科學家經常強調一句話：
「人要注意三個半分鐘，三個半小時。」 『三個半分鐘』不花一分錢. 
  很多人白天好好的，說晚上死了，有人說，昨天我還見過他，怎麼就死了呢？

原因是，他夜晚下床上廁所太快了，突然一起床，腦缺血。   那麼科學家怎麼提出三個半分鐘呢？
  因為我們在遙! 控心電圖監測時，發現好多人白天心電圖正常，

突然晚上老是心肌缺血，提前收縮，是什麼道理呢？
  因為，他突然一起床，一下子血壓低了，腦缺血心臟停跳了。
  科學家就提出了三個半分鐘：

1.  醒過來不要馬上起床，在床上躺半分鐘；
2.  坐起來後又坐半分鐘；
3.  兩條腿垂在床沿又等半分鐘。
  經過這三個半分鐘，不花一分錢，腦不會缺血，心臟不會驟停，減少了很多不必要的瘁死（突然死亡），不必要的心肌梗塞，不必要的腦中風。
  有一次我講完課，有位老人大哭，我說：『你哭什麼呢？』他哭得非常傷心地說：『唉！我就是兩年前夜晚上廁所，上得快了一點、上得猛了一點，頭暈，結果呢，第二天半身不遂，整整在床上躺了八個月，背上長起了褥瘡。我早聽這節課，就不致於半身不遂了，早知道三個半分鐘，我哪至於受八個月的苦。」
  三個半小時，就是 ：

1.早上起來運動半個小時，打打太極拳、跑跑步，但不超過 三公里 ，或者進行其他運動，但要因人而異，運動需適量。

2.中午睡半小時，這是人生物鐘需要，中午睡上半小時，下午上班，精力特別充沛。老年人更需要補充睡眠。因晚上老人睡得早，起得早，中午非常需要休息。

3.晚上6至7時  慢步行走半小時，可減少心肌梗塞，高血壓發病率。

紅辣椒等麻辣食物可能有助降低血壓

更新日期:2010/08/05 01:51

（中央社台北4日電）新的研究結果顯示，食用像紅辣椒等麻辣食物可能有助降低血壓，因為其中含有稱為辣椒素（capsaicin）的活性成分，除了讓辣椒令人有辛辣感，也能使血管鬆弛。

英國「每日郵報」（Daily Mail）網路版報導，根據這項刊登在「細胞代謝」期刊（Cell Metabolism ）的研究，中國第三軍醫大學的研究人員餵食高血壓的老鼠富含辣椒素的食物，久而久之，這些老鼠血壓下降。

這種成分的作用是可以促動血管內襯的受體通道，導致生成的一氧化氮增加，這種氣體分子可以保護血管避免發炎和機能異常。

這不是第一項探索辣椒素和較低血壓間分子鍵結的研究，但先前的研究都只是急性或短期暴露於這種化學物質，而非以辣椒素對高血壓的齧齒動物作長期治療。

研究人員表示，還需要進一步研究，以了解每天要吃多少辣椒，才會對人體有正面的影響。（譯者：中央社實習編譯林欣怡）

Making enough red blood cells: Scientists identify molecules that ensure red blood cell production

ScienceDaily (2010-06-06) -- Scientists have identified two small RNA molecules which ensure that enough red blood cells are produced efficiently, by fine-tuning a number of different genes involved in this process.

科學家己找出兩個RNA小分子確保紅血球能有效率地生產。此二小分子微調了紅血球產生過程中其他數個基因。

To form red blood cells, large, round cells known as precursors have to become small and disc-shaped, like balls of plasticine squeezed between finger and thumb. In the process, they must also produce the large quantities of haemoglobin that will allow them to transport oxygen, and shrink and dispose of their nucleus. The EMBL scientists found that two microRNAs, called MiR144 and MiR451, control the final stages of this process.


blood cell formation, or haematopoiesis

Journal Reference:
K. D. Rasmussen, S. Simmini, C. Abreu-Goodger, N. Bartonicek, M. Di Giacomo, D. Bilbao-Cortes, R. Horos, M. Von Lindern, A. J. Enright, D. O'Carroll. The miR-144/451 locus is required for erythroid homeostasis. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2010; DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100458

Lack of private insurance contributes to higher deaths among black heart transplant patients, study finds

ScienceDaily (2010-05-31) -- Transplant surgeons at Johns Hopkins who have reviewed the medical records of more than 20,000 heart transplant patients say that it is not simply racial differences, but rather flaws in the health care system, along with type of insurance and education levels, in addition to biological factors, that are likely the causes of disproportionately worse outcomes after heart transplantation in African Americans.

心臟移植後的存活率似乎與人種無關，主要可能與其保險系統。又：黑人接受換心手術者存活率較低？
(有別於以往的研究都是個別的研究中心，此次採樣大)




Journal Reference:
Jeremiah G. Allen, Eric S. Weiss, George J. Arnaoutakis, Stuart D. Russell, William A. Baumgartner, John V. Conte, Ashish S. Shah. The Impact of Race on Survival After Heart Transplantation: An Analysis of More Than 20,000 Patients. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2010; 89 (6): 1956 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.02.093

What happens when we get angry?

ScienceDaily (2010-06-01) -- When we get angry, the heart rate, arterial tension and testosterone production increases, cortisol (the stress hormone) decreases, and the left hemisphere of the brain becomes more stimulated. This is indicated by a new investigation that analyzes the changes in the brain's cardiovascular, hormonal and asymmetric activation response when we get angry.

我們生氣時，心率(heart rate), 動脈張力arterial tension and 睾酮；睾丸素testosterone production 增加, 可體松,皮質醇cortisol (the stress hormone)降低, and the left hemisphere of the brain becomes more stimulated.大腦左半邊較受刺激。


Journal Reference:
Neus Herrero, Marien Gadea, Gabriel Rodríguez-Alarcón, Raúl Espert, Alicia Salvador. What happens when we get angry? Hormonal, cardiovascular and asymmetrical brain responses. Hormones and Behavior, 2010; 57 (3): 276 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.12.008

Chances of surviving cardiac arrest depends on your neighborhood

ScienceDaily (2010-06-01) -- The odds of surviving cardiac arrest may depend on which part of town you call home and whether anyone in the neighborhood comes to your rescue by attempting to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), according to a new study.

結論是：因為社區的特性，要減低心臟停止時的致死，CPR的教育得更普及。

cardiac arrest【醫】心搏停止,心臟停跳
cardiopulmonary resuscitation復甦 (CPR)


Journal Reference:
Comilla Sasson et al. Small Area Variations in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Does the Neighborhood Matter? Annals of Internal Medicine, June 2010

MRI research highlights high-risk atherosclerotic plaque hidden in the vessel wall

ScienceDaily (2010-05-31) -- Researchers have shown that use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an animal model can noninvasively identify dangerous plaques. The findings offer possible applications in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atherosclerosis.

1. MRI(核磁共振技術)可以藉此非穿入性的方法，檢測動物的plaques，此發現有助於動脈硬化之治療及診斷的應用。

2. Atheroma (Atheromatous plaque)動脈粥樣化:an accumulation and swelling in artery walls that is made up of cells (mostly macrophage cells), or cell debris, that contain lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids), calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue. In the context of heart or artery matters, atheromata are commonly referred to as atheromatous plaques. It is an unhealthy condition, but is found in most humans.

3. atherosclerosis【醫】動脈硬化(症)

4. Artery (動脈)


Journal Reference:
Alkystis Phinikaridou, Frederick L. Ruberg, Kevin J. Hallock, Ye Qiao, Ning Hua, Jason Viereck, and James A. Hamilton. In vivo Detection of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque by MRI in a Rabbit Model. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, 2010;3:323-332 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.109.918524

Lovastatin: a new weapon against plague?

ScienceDaily (2010-06-04) -- An experimental study has revealed that lovastatin, a drug prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, protects animals against the deadly effects of plague. This infectious disease is on the upsurge in parts of the world. These results obtained by scientists at the Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille 2) have been published in the journal PLoS ONE.



hypercholesterolemia：高膽固醇血症

Journal Reference:
Ayyadurai et al. Lovastatin Protects against Experimental Plague in Mice. PLoS ONE, 2010; 5 (6): e10928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010928

New source of stem cells form heart muscle cells, repair damage

ScienceDaily (2010-05-30) -- A new and noncontroversial source of stem cells can form heart muscle cells and help repair heart damage, according to results of preliminary lab tests.

日本，以老鼠實驗，34-39%製造出的心肌OK.未處理的老鼠心肌則持續XX.老鼠heart attach後的處理仍有13-18%有效。處理後的老鼠仍有一個月的存活率。

human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal (undifferentiated) cells (hAMCs)




amniotic membrane 羊膜