《癌症不是病.pps》

[2011.09.24] 接連收到一個名為《癌症不是病.pps》的檔 [arthur's note: 連結被我改為純文字文件]。覺得要放在部落格裡，就整理為文字檔。當中其實讀來是存有諸多疑慮的，文中所舉的例子，也許是因為中文書摘(未摘，但講述)所以不清楚原書裡是否有更可靠的資料可資證明？再者，用語及編排有種市儈用語以貨書之嫌。

既已記錄於此，俟後有空整理或添加資料，文件檔在：我的古溝文件裡。特別要注意的是，這位德國醫學專家的介紹裡，仍沿用了許多看來類似西醫的名詞。雖無可說可否，只是特別要強調他應是被歸於另類醫療/民俗醫療專家吧？

文章以《2010 生命的調養》為題。

關於書：博客來
讀了博客來的介紹，書中其實有更多實用的片斷，也許應該找來看吧~~

作者：安德烈莫瑞茲（Andreas Moritz）

Cancer: Key mechanism in the control of cell motility revealed

ScienceDaily (2010-10-28) -- Scientists have identified a novel molecular mechanism in the control of cell motility. This research could eventually lead to the development of new cancer-treating drugs that could block the spread of tumors (metastasis).

科學家發現全新的[控制細胞移動]的分子機制，可能導致發現新的治癌用藥，可藉以抑止住腫瘤的擴散。

Journal Reference:

1. Manishha Patel, Yoran Margaron, Nadine Fradet, Qi Yang, Brian Wilkes, Michel Bouvier, Kay Hofmann and Jean-François Côté. An Evolutionarily Conserved Autoinhibitory Molecular Switch in ELMO Proteins Regulates Rac Signaling. Current Biology, October 28, 2010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.10.028

Blood test accurately predicts death from prostate cancer up to 25 years in advance

有三篇相關的報導：

1.

ScienceDaily (2010-09-14) -- A blood test at the age of 60 can accurately predict the risk that a man will die from prostate cancer within the next 25 years, according to researchers. The findings could have important implications for determining which men should be screened after the age of 60 and which may not benefit substantially from continued prostate cancer screening.

60歲時的血液測驗可以準確預知未來25年內因前列腺而死的風險。

[arthur's note] 雖說這是在預防醫學上也許有用，但單這個描述似乎還頗令人不解，60以後的screen 不是應該年年做嗎？即便prostate cancer 在90歲前不用再測，但不用再測其他的高風險疾病嗎？

Journal Reference:

1. Andrew J Vickers, Angel M Cronin, Thomas Björk, Jonas Manjer, Peter M Nilsson, Anders Dahlin, Anders Bjartell, Peter T Scardino, David Ulmert, Hans Lilja. Prostate specific antigen concentration at age 60 and death or metastasis from prostate cancer: case-control study.British Medical Journal, 2010; DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c4521

2. Early prostate cancer detection, screening: No benefit for men with low baseline PSA value, study finds

ScienceDaily (2010-09-13) -- Men aged 55-74 years who have low baseline blood levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) are not likely to benefit from further screening and treatment, according to a new study.

Journal Reference:

1. Pim J. van Leeuwen, David Connolly, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Anssi Auvinen, Ries Kranse, Monique J. Roobol, Fritz H. Schröder, and Anna Gavin. Balancing the harms and benefits of early detection of prostate cancer. Cancer, 2010; DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25474

3. No support for routine prostate screening, but one-off test at 60 may be beneficial

ScienceDaily (2010-09-14) -- Existing evidence from randomized controlled trials does not support routine population screening for prostate cancer, a new study concludes. However, a second study suggests that a single test at age 60 could identify men who are most likely to develop and die from prostate cancer. These men could then be monitored more closely, while others could be exempt from further screening.

Story Source: (這篇沒有附publication)

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by BMJ-British Medical Journal, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Genes tied to deadliest ovarian cancers identified

ScienceDaily (2010-09-08) -- Scientists have identified two genes whose mutations appear to be linked to ovarian clear cell carcinoma, one of the most aggressive forms of ovarian cancer. Clear cell carcinoma is generally resistant to standard therapy.

carcinoma:

1. A cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs

2. (wikipedia)

sarcoma 【醫】肉腫,肉瘤

1. A malignant tumor of connective or other nonepithelial tissue

2. (wikipedia)

Sian Jones, Tian-Li Wang, Ie-Ming Shih, Tsui-Lien Mao, Kentaro Nakayama, Richard Roden, Ruth Glas, Dennis Slamon, Luis A. Diaz Jr., Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Victor E. Velculescu, and Nickolas Papadopoulos.Frequent Mutations of Chromatin Remodeling Gene ARID1A in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Science, 2010; DOI: 10.1126/science.1196333

Key mechanism links virgin olive oil to protection against breast cancer

ScienceDaily (2010-06-30) -- Researchers in Spain have discovered a key mechanism by which virgin olive oil, in contrast to other vegetable oils, protects the body against breast cancer.


breast cancer 乳腺癌

UAB 研究者已經將乳腺癌腫瘤細胞中，因virgin橄欖油活化的大量的訊號于以解密，並有以下結論：
橄欖油的好處有：oncogene p21Ras 活性降低、改變蛋白質訊號的路徑、腫瘤細胞死亡之刺激，以及避免DNA捐傷。




Journal Reference:
M. Solanas, L. Grau, R. Moral, E. Vela, R. Escrich, E. Escrich. Dietary olive oil and corn oil differentially affect experimental breast cancer through distinct modulation of the p21Ras signaling and the proliferation-apoptosis balance. Carcinogenesis, 2009; 31 (5): 871 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp243


關於橄欖油參見下列文章：
1.
ScienceDaily (Aug. 14, 2007) — Among cooking oils, olive oil is touted as one of the healthiest. Olive oil contains monounsaturated fat, which can lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL or “bad”) cholesterol in the blood.


2.
New Anti-cancer Components Of Extra-virgin Olive Oil Revealed (地中海食物，橄欖油裡的抗癌物)

ScienceDaily (2008-12-27) -- Good quality extra-virgin olive oil contains health-relevant chemicals, 'phytochemicals', that can trigger cancer cell death. New research sheds more light on the suspected association between olive oil-rich Mediterranean diets and reductions in breast cancer risk.

Only 5 percent of cancer research funds are spent on metastases, yet it kills 90 percent of all cancer patients

ScienceDaily (2010-06-01) -- On average, about 5 percent of total cancer research funding is spent on investigating metastases (the spread of cancer cells around the body) in Europe, yet metastatic disease is the direct or indirect cause of 90 percent of all cancer deaths, according to a new editorial.

在癌症的研究上應花更多的心力及資源在其擴散期上。

metastases (the spread of cancer cells around the body)


Journal Reference:
Jonathan Sleeman and Patricia S. Steeg. Cancer metastasis as a therapeutic target. European Journal of Cancer, 2010; 46 (7): 1177-1180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.039

UK research leads to blood test for early detection of cancer

ScienceDaily (2010-06-02) -- A ground-breaking blood test promises to aid the detection of cancer as much as five years earlier than current testing methods such as mammography and CT scans. Physicians will know the result of their patient’s test within one week of sending in a blood sample, according to researchers.


Oncimmune 所發展出的方法(immuno-biomarkers)，較現今使用的mammography 及 CT scans要提早上5年發現癌症，所收到的血液樣本送到Oncimmune只要一週便可檢出結果。
這個方法乃衍自John Robertson的研究結果之商業化。用在肺癌(EarlyCDT-Lung™ )已在全美上市，英國則在2011年上市

John Robertson, a world-renowned breast cancer specialist and Professor of Surgery in The University of Nottingham's Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
mammography 【醫】乳腺X光攝影檢查術
CT scans (Computed tomography (CT))

Story Source:
The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of Nottingham.

Surgical procedure offers new option for pediatric patients with rare cancer in abdomen

ScienceDaily (2010-06-01) -- A study by a pediatric surgical oncologist shows that an adult surgery adapted for use in young patients increased the survival of children with rare tumors in the abdomen.

成人的外科方法可增加小兒腹部罕見腫瘤的存活率。

Pediatric 【醫】小兒科的



Journal Reference:
Andrea Hayes-Jordan, Holly Green, Nancy Fitzgerald, Lianchun Xiao, Peter Anderson. Novel treatment for desmoplastic韌帶 small round cell tumor: hyperthermic 溫熱 intraperitoneal腹腔 perfusion【醫】灌注. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2010; 45 (5): 1000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.02.034

Newly discovered kinase regulates cytoskeleton, and perhaps holds key to how cancer cells spread

ScienceDaily (2010-05-31) -- Scientists have identified a previously unknown kinase that regulates cell proliferation, shape and migration, and may play a major role in the progression or metastasis of cancer cells.

科學家已鑑定出原先未知的kanase，它控制了細胞的增殖、形狀及移動，可能也與癌細胞的惡化有關。
這篇文獻還未出版(至2010.06.01止)

"This molecule may be an important new target for future anticancer therapies and a clinical biomarker that predicts whether a cancer is likely to spread," said Klemke.

本文有個重要的概念，細胞的這些重要的"行為"與細朐骨架有關，而這個kinase 則可能是其重要的指標，這對癌症的治療可能有幫助。



Story Source:
The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of California - San Diego, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Predicting severity of breast cancer

ScienceDaily (2010-05-31) -- Researchers have identified a biomarker in patient blood which can predict the severity of breast cancer in patients and may enable clinicians to track patients throughout the course of their treatment.

研究團隊發現生化標記，可藉以標定乳癌的嚴重程度，且可臨床醫師追蹤整個治療過程中病人的狀況。

維基上的乳癌


Journal Reference:
M. McIlroy, D. McCartan, S. Early, P. O Gaora, S. Pennington, A. D.K. Hill, L. S. Young. Interaction of Developmental Transcription Factor HOXC11 with Steroid Receptor Coactivator SRC-1 Mediates Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. Cancer Research, 2010; 70 (4): 1585 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3713

Circulating tumor cells correlate with poorer survival in pancreatic cancer patients

ScienceDaily (2010-05-31) -- Researchers have found that pancreatic cancer patients who have circulating tumor cells tend to have worse outcomes than patients without circulating tumor cells. Additionally, the team has uncovered evidence that not all circulating tumor cells are the same, and some may predict worse outcomes than others.

胰臟癌患者具循環腫瘤細胞者，往往比無循環腫瘤細胞更壞的結果。此外，該小組已發現證據表明，並非所有的循環腫瘤細胞是相同的，有些結果可能更糟糕。

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are cells that have detached from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. CTCs may constitute seeds for subsequent growth of additional tumors (metastasis) in different tissues.
Pancreatic Cancer: (胰臟癌/胰腺癌): is a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas. Each year in the United States, about 42,470 individuals are diagnosed with this condition and 35,240 die from the disease.



Story Source:
The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Fox Chase Cancer Center, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

basic of oncology

名稱來源/概述：資料皆來自維基百科(wikipedia)
Oncology (from the Ancient Greek onkos (ὄνκος), meaning bulk, mass, or tumor, and the suffix -logy (-λογία), meaning "study of") is a branch of medicine that deals with tumors (cancer). A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist.

簡單的分期：?

關於癌(wikipedia)

病理學Pathology：In medicine, pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease. The related scientific study of disease processes is called "general pathology." Medical pathology is divided into two main branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology.

Acupuncture's molecular effects pinned down: New insights spur effort to boost treatment's impact significantly

ScienceDaily (2010-05-31) -- Scientists have identified the molecule adenosine as a central player in parlaying some of the effects of acupuncture in the body. Building on that knowledge, scientists were able to triple the beneficial effects of acupuncture in mice by adding a medication approved to treat leukemia in people.

腺苷是針灸時主要的物質。可能會由老鼠的針灸治療來研究人類白血病。


Journal Reference:
Nanna Goldman, Michael Chen, Takumi Fujita, Qiwu Xu, Weiguo Peng, Wei Liu, Tina K Jensen, Yong Pei, Fushun Wang, Xiaoning Han, Jiang-Fan Chen, Jurgen Schnermann, Takahiro Takano, Lane Bekar, Kim Tieu, Maiken Nedergaard. Adenosine A1 receptors mediate local anti-nociceptive effects of acupuncture. Nature Neuroscience, 2010; DOI: 10.1038/nn.2562

Genes associated with throat cancer found through study of over 10,000 subjects

ScienceDaily (May 31, 2010) — Scientists from Singapore, China and USA have identified three new susceptibility genes in a genome-wide association study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study, led by the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), a biomedical research institute of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), and the Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, identified genetic risk factors of NPC that advance the understanding of the important role played by host genetic variation in influencing the susceptibility to this cancer.

發現3組鼻咽癌的敏感性基因，而這三者亦與白血病有關。


NPC is a type of cancer that forms in the epithelial lining(上皮內膜) of the nasopharynx(鼻咽), the area of the upper throat that lies behind the nose. It is particularly prevalent in southern China, such as Guangdong, with an occurrence rate of about 25 times higher than that in most regions of the world. NPC is therefore referred to as the Cantonese Cancer.

To search for the genetic risk factors for NPC, the scientists carried out a comprehensive genetic analysis of the human genome in a large clinical sample of southern Chinese descent -- approximately 5,000 patients and 5,000 controls. The researchers found that the genetic variation within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA，人類白細胞抗原) and the three genes known as TNFRSF19, MDSIEVI1 and CDKN2A/2B can significantly influence a person's risk of developing NPC. The researchers also noticed that these three susceptibility genes for NPC have been reported to be involved in the development of leukemia (白血病), suggesting there might be some shared biological mechanism between the developments of these two diseases. This finding provides an important opportunity for biologists to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the development of this cancer, and its unusual pattern of high prevalence in southern China.



nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)鼻咽癌
susceptibility 易受影響（或傷害等）的特性；敏感性；過敏性
leukemia 【醫】白血病(俗稱血癌)

Journal Reference:
Jin-Xin Bei, Yi Li, Wei-Hua Jia, Bing-Jian Feng, Gangqiao Zhou, Li-Zhen Chen, Qi-Sheng Feng, Hui-Qi Low, Hongxing Zhang, Fuchu He, E Shyong Tai, Tiebang Kang, Edison T Liu, Jianjun Liu, Yi-Xin Zeng. A genome-wide association study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma identifies three new susceptibility loci. Nature Genetics, 2010; DOI: 10.1038/ng.601

New cancer treatment? MM-111 antibody uses HER2 target to reach and block HER3

ScienceDaily (2010-06-03) -- Patients with HER2-positive cancers can have dramatic responses to HER2-targeted drugs but eventually develop resistance to the agents. With that problem in mind, researchers are testing a novel type of antibody called MM-111 in patients with HER2-positive disease who have progressed on standard therapy.

癌症的抗藥改善(標靶?)。


Story Source:
The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Fox Chase Cancer Center.

Cysts hold clues to pancreatic cancer; Detection and removal may lower cancer risk

ScienceDaily (2010-06-03) -- Researchers have developed a method that could be used to predict whether pancreatic cysts are benign or are precursors to invasive cancer.


檢測出胰臟癌的新法。

胰腺囊腫：pancreatic cysts


Journal Reference:
Brian B. Haab, Andrew Porter, Tingting Yue, Lin Li, James Scheiman, Michelle A. Anderson, Dawn Barnes, C. Max Schmidt, Ziding Feng, Diane M. Simeone. Glycosylation Variants of Mucins and CEACAMs As Candidate Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms. Annals of Surgery, 2010; 251 (5): 937 DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181d7738d

Oncologists fight leukemia with two-pronged therapy, clinical trials planned

ScienceDaily (2010-06-03) -- Researchers have used an agent, called Oxi4503, to poison leukemia cells and destroy the blood vessels that supply the cells in mouse models of acute myelogenous leukemia, or AML. The researchers plan human tests of the drug later this year.

血癌的新療法

leukemia：白血病
acute myelogenous leukemia：急性髓細胞性白血病


Journal Reference:
G. J. Madlambayan, A. Meacham, K. Hosaka, S. Mir, M. Jorgensen, E. W. Scott, D. W. Siemann, C. R. Cogle. Leukemia regression by vascular disruption and anti-angiogenic therapy. Blood, 2010; DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-230474

New explaination of how certain cancers develop

ScienceDaily (2010-05-27) -- Researchers have discovered a new interaction between a cell signaling system and a specific gene that may be the cause of B-cell lymphoma. The finding suggests a similar interaction could be occurring during the development of other types of cancer, leading to further understanding of how cancer works -- and how it might be stopped.


佛羅里達大學藥學院，Kato, 發現 BCL6(基因)，會產生B-cell lymphomas，在胚胎發育早期，可以抑制細胞間傳遞的通路 (Notch signaling)，導致先天疾病。

the Notch signaling pathway, which creates the equivalent of a molecular highway across a cell's membrane, is involved in many types of cell-to-cell interaction, including neuron development, stem cell differentiation and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Notch signaling pathway在細胞間，產生相等的分子高速公路，且涉及了細胞間的交互作用，包括了...

藉由研究BCL6及Notch signaling可以多方瞭解癌症生成的原因。